1. until now/up to now

until now/up to now(直到現在)是表示從過去到現在的一段時間,因此要用「現在完成式」來表達。

Until now, I have not seen anyaudience.
Up to now, I have not been able to forget how nervous I was at that time.

此外,英文的「完成式」已經含有「到現在」的意思,有時候不需要把until now或up
to now翻譯出來。

It has been the most unforgettable experience in my life.
直到現在,這是我生命中最難忘的經驗。)
2. until

有兩種用法:

(1)直到~為止。(翻譯時直譯就行了。)
I will be all worried until she returns again. (我會一直擔心,直到她回來為止。)
We’ll stay here until the others arrive. (我們將在這兒一直等到其他人來。)
(2)直到~才~。(翻譯時要用否定來表示,即用“not…until…”的句型。)
He did not start his work until the manager yelled at him.
(直到經理大吼他,他才開始工作。)
I’m afraid that your watch won’t be ready until tomorrow.
(恐怕你的錶要到明天才能修好。。)

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